石英玻璃在光学领域的应用
- Quartz glass is a single-component silica glass praised as the King of Glass; high-purity quartz glass transmits well across a very wide spectrum from far ultraviolet (160 纳米) 到远红外线 (5 um), which ordinary optical glass cannot match.
- In optical fiber communication, silica fiber offers high precision, 强度, 可靠性, 能耗低，组装简单, and quartz fiber is increasingly important for artificial satellites, 深空探测与惯性导航.
- Quartz glass serves as terminal optical components in the Shenguang-III host device (vacuum windows, 镜头, 屏蔽片, 偏光片, continuous phase plates and beam sampling gratings) and as micro-lenses in digital cameras, 显示, CCD lenses and medical equipment.
- Low-expansion quartz glass is the preferred material for space telescope reflectors because of its very low thermal expansion coefficient, high specific stiffness and excellent processing properties; the Hubble Space Telescope primary mirror blank is a famous example.
- A key research direction is radiation resistance: long-term exposure to high-energy charged particles in space degrades the optical performance and service life of quartz glass components.
石英玻璃在光学领域的应用
石英玻璃是一种特殊的工业技术玻璃，由单一组分的二氧化硅组成, 具有一系列特殊的理化性质, 并被誉为 “玻璃之王” 由新材料领域的专家撰写.
石英玻璃的光学性能
石英玻璃具有一系列优异的光学性能. 与普通玻璃相比, 高纯度石英玻璃在非常宽的远紫外光谱中具有良好的透射率 (160纳米) 到远红外线 (5微米), 这在一般光学玻璃中是没有的. 优异的光谱透过率和光学均匀性使石英玻璃在许多光学器件领域得到广泛应用.
石英玻璃在光学领域的应用
光纤通信
光纤是一种光传输工具. 光传输是通过光纤的两端进行的. 在光纤通信行业中应用广泛. 光纤通信具有很高的抗干扰性, 速度快，传输容量大, 并已成为现代通信的重要支柱.
二氧化硅光纤发展较早，技术成熟. 具有精度高的优点, 高强度, 高可靠性, 能耗低，组装简单. 因此, 近年来, 石英光纤对于人造卫星来说已经变得越来越重要, 深空探测, 惯性导航等领域.
光学镜头
随着我国科学技术的进步和工业水平的提高, 石英玻璃的应用已经融入到人们的日常生活中. 在新能源领域, 石英玻璃用于 “神光三期” 主机器件作为真空窗等终端光学元件的重要材料, 镜头, 屏蔽片, 偏光片, 连续相板, 和光束采样光栅.
在微光学材料领域, 石英玻璃材料因其在从紫外到红外的连续波长范围内具有出色的透射率，因此在微透镜工业中得到了广泛的应用. 微镜头通常用于数码相机, 电脑显示屏, CCD相机镜头, 和医疗设备.
反射镜
反射器是空间望远镜等空间光学系统的重要部件之一, 探测卫星, 气象卫星和侦察卫星.
随着空间成像技术的发展和人类对宇宙认识的逐步加深, 人们对空间光学系统精度的要求也越来越高. 镜子的镜面不仅要有高分辨率, 而且也具有良好的成像质量.
宇宙空间是一个没有重力、温差大的环境. 另外, 应考虑光学系统发射到宇宙空间时的负载要求. 同时, 在太空中生产大规模光学系统需要热变形系数小的材料, 比刚度高，表面粗糙度小.
基于上述性能条件, 低膨胀石英玻璃是首选材料. 低膨胀石英玻璃具有非常低的热膨胀系数和优异的冷热加工性能, 并可做成封闭的蜂窝结构. 低膨胀石英玻璃材料的制备工艺相对成熟, 在光学工程中应用广泛, 比如哈勃太空望远镜的主镜毛坯.
石英玻璃的研究方向
作为一种特殊的光学材料, 石英玻璃在航空航天领域起着极其重要的作用, 半导体, 和精密设备. 它的性能直接制约了分辨率, 准确性, 相关设备的稳定性和可靠性.
然而, 即使其抗辐照性能非常出色, 在长期服役的条件下，它会在太空中受到高能带电粒子的照射, 导致其光学和其他性能显着下降, 从而影响部件的使用寿命. 因此, 研究空间电离辐射环境对石英玻璃材料的影响具有重要意义.
这些光学元件背后的原料是 高纯度石英, 其纯度决定了透光极限.
常见问题
Why is quartz glass called the King of Glass?
石英玻璃是一种特殊的工业技术玻璃，由单一组分的二氧化硅组成, with a series of special physical and chemical properties unmatched by other glasses, which is why experts in the new materials field praise it as the King of Glass.
What makes quartz glass special for optical applications?
与普通玻璃相比, high-purity quartz glass has good transmittance across a very wide spectrum from far ultraviolet (160 纳米) 到远红外线 (5 um), which general optical glass cannot offer. This excellent spectral transmittance and optical uniformity make it widely used in many optical device fields.
How is quartz glass used in optical fiber communication?
Silica optical fiber is a mature technology with high precision, 高强度, 高可靠性, 能耗低，组装简单. Optical fiber communication offers high anti-interference, 速度快，传输容量大, and quartz optical fiber is becoming increasingly important for artificial satellites, 深空探测与惯性导航.
Why is low-expansion quartz glass used for space telescope mirrors?
Space is a zero-gravity environment with large temperature differences, and mirrors need high resolution, good imaging quality, small thermal deformation, high specific stiffness and low surface roughness. Low-expansion quartz glass meets all these conditions, has mature preparation processes and can be made into closed honeycomb structures; it was used for the Hubble Space Telescope primary mirror blank.
What research challenges remain for quartz glass in space?
Even with excellent anti-irradiation performance, quartz glass is exposed to high-energy charged particles during long-term space service, which significantly degrades its optical and other properties and shortens component life. Studying the influence of the space ionizing radiation environment on quartz glass is therefore a key research direction.
由Ensoll工程团队审查.
